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Annotated Bibliography
Primary Sources:
“Ready For a World.” Chicago Daily Tribune. May 2, 1893.
http://www.newspapers.com/image/?spot=730388?spot=730388
This article helped me understand what the article writer’s thought of the fair in 1893. This is important because it helps support my thesis by the positive things the author says. The article showed a newspaper article from when the fair was happening.
“Chicago’s Great Day.” The Evening World. October 21, 1892.
http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030193/1892-10-21/ed-3/seq-1/#words=Wworld+Chicago+Fair+CHICAGO
This website showed a newspaper article. It helped me understand one of the processions. And also gave me a look at the important people that came to fair. This showed how big of a deal the fair was. Showing how many important people came shows that all the people wanted to see how innovative the fair would be.
“World’s Fair.” The Breckenridge News. April 5, 1893.
http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86069309/1893-04-05/ed-1/seq-7/#date1=1892&index=4&rows=20&words=Chicago+fair+Worlds&searchType=basic&sequence=0&state=&date2=1899&proxtext=Ch
icago+Worlds+Fair&y=18&x=21&dateF ilterType=yearRange&page=1
This paper uses encounter of the three E’s. It talks about how some of the representation building will bring people from the represented states together.
Agricultural Hall, Columbian Exposition, 1893. Photograph. 1893. N.D. Thompson Publishing Co. http://dcc.newberry.org/collections/chicago-and-the-worlds-columbian-exposition
This photograph showed the agricultural building. This is important because the building was so massive it was amazing for the time it was built.
McNally, Rand. Map: World’s Columbian Exposition, 1893. Map. Chicago. Rand McNally and Company, 1893. Rand McNally & Co. http://dcc.newberry.org/collections/chicago-and- the-worlds-columbian-exposition
This map showed how massive the fair actually was. The index also showed how many building there were. The amount of buildings and the area of the fair was amazing, the fact that they could fill the entire area was incredible and that so many people showed up to see the fair.
“Ready For A Sunday Rush.” The Sun. May 28, 1893. http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030272/1893-05-28/ed-1/seq-2/#date1=1893&index=14&rows=20&words=Columbian+Exposition+Fair+Worlds&searchType=basic&sequence=0&state=&date2=19
00&proxtext=Worlds+Fair+Columbian+Exposition&y=16&x=7&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1
This article told about what the opening day would be like. The fair was expecting a crowd of 300,000 so workers tripled their supplies. The fair was so big that even outside of the grounds the city was a buzz.
“Some Statements.” Evening Star. January 17, 1894.
http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1894-01-17/ed-1/seq-3/#date1=1893&index=18&rows=20&words=Columbian+exposition+fair+world+worlds&searchType=basic&sequence=0&state=&dat
e2=1900&proxtext=Worlds+Fair+Columbian+Exposition&y=16&x=7&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1
This talked about how foreign governments also participated. The Columbia Exposition did not only affect the United States, but the whole world.
“Utah at the World's Columbian Exposition; 1894.” Utah World’s Fair Commission Reports. Utah State Archives and Records Service. Salt Lake City, UT.
This was a report complied by the Utah Commission at the World’s Fair. It shows the work Utah accomplished while there. Other state got a chance to do this also, which made the fair very inclusive.
Utah World’s Fair Commission. Utah at the World’s Columbian Exposition. Salt Lake City. Salt Lake Lithographing Co., 1894.
This book was important to my thesis because it told about all the state and country building, but more so about the people that went. Important Utahans went to the Columbian Exposition, which shows it was very important all over the world. It also gave Utah many firsts.
Jackson, William Henry. "Ferris Wheel, And Bird's Eye View Of Midway." Photograph. 1893. Mental Floss. http://mentalfloss.com/article/51562/11-vintage-photos-1893-worlds-columbian-exposition
This photo of the Ferris wheel is important because it was the first Ferris wheel ever. This was a very innovative step for the fair. This is now something we see quite often, but was a huge deal back then.
Columbian Exposition. Poster. 1893. Chuckman’s Collection.
This poster showed the happiness in the exposition. It also showed that it was a celebration of Columbus because his picture is on it.
World’s Columbian Exposition: Ferris Wheel, Chicago, United States, 1893.” 1893, Brooklyn Museum.
This photo shows part of the fair. It shows how many people were at the fair.
Antonin Dvorak, 2nd Movement, from New World Symphony. 1893, recording.
This symphony is important to my project because it was created for the fair. The excitement of the World’s Fair reflects in the song.
1893 Columbus World's Columbian Exposition A Ticket. Photo. 1893. Chicago, IL PCGS 66 PPQ Gem New
This helped me understand what the cost to get into the fair was.
The 1893 Chicago World’s Fair. Poster. 1893. Boston Public Library.
http://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/relics-of-the-world-s-fair-chicago
This showed me the fair in color.
Arnold, Charles Dudley. "Captive" balloon and the Ferris wheel at the World's Columbian Exposition. Photo. 1893. J. Paul Getty Museum.
http://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/relics-of-the-world-s-fair-chicago
This photo showed a technology marvel.
A mammoth and giant octopus model in 1893 at the World's Fair. Photo. 1893. The Field Museum.
http://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/relics-of-the-world-s-fair-chicago
This showed one of the famous exhibits.
The Agricultural Building. Photo. 1893. Brooklyn Museum.
http://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/relics-of-the-world-s-fair-chicago
This showed how many people came to the fair.
The Liberal Arts Building. Photo. 1893. Brooklyn Museum.
http://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/relics-of-the-world-s-fair-chicago
This showed the inside of a building.
Ferris wheel view in 1893. Photo. 1893. Brooklyn Museum.
http://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/relics-of-the-world-s-fair-chicago
This showed how many people each cart on the wheel could hold.
The Ferris Wheel in 1893. Photo. 1893. The New York Times.
http://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/relics-of-the-world-s-fair-chicago
This showed the world’s first Ferris Wheel.
A replica of one of the ships sailed by Columbus. Photo. 1893. The Smithsonian Institution Archives.
http://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/relics-of-the-world-s-fair-chicago
This showed what the fair celebrated in recreating one of Columbus’s ships.
The Grand Basin at night. Photo. 1893. Brooklyn Museum.
http://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/relics-of-the-world-s-fair-chicago
This showed how beautiful the fair was at night.
Secondary Sources:
“The World’s Columbian Exposition.” Chicago Historical Society. Last Modified 1999. Accessed October 28, 2015. https://www.chicagohs.org/history/expo.html
This website helped me understand the key technology that was showcased at the Columbian Exposition. It gave me details about the major inventions that were revolutionary and first introduced at this fair.
Rose, Julie K. “The World’s Columbian Exposition.” University Of Virginia. Last Modified April 1997. Accessed November 4, 2015. http://xroads.virginia.edu/~ma96/wce/title.html
This website helped me understand the Columbian Exposition’s effects on modern society. This website gave details about how this fair was not just about Columbus’s voyages, but also about the new technology and advances that were incredible during the time period.
Maranzani, Barbara. “7 Things You May Not Know About the 1893 Chicago World’s Fair.” History. Last Modified May, 2013. Accessed November 11, 2015.
http://www.history.com/news/7-things-you-may-not-know-about-the-1893-chicago-worlds-fair
This website helped me understand what was going on outside of the World’s Fair as well as within. It gave details about influencing events that were important and outside of the fairgrounds like the serial killer that was in Chicago at the time.
Neilson, Reid L. Exhibiting Mormonism. New York City: Oxford University Press, 2011.
In this book some of the main elements are exploration, encounter, and exchange. This book shows examples of those, with the Mormons exploring the new place when they were invited to have a building there. They also encountered new people and new religions, as well as exchanged their own ideas with people.
Weimann, Jeanne. The Fair Women. Chicago: Academy Chicago, 1981
This book was important to my thesis by showing how leading edge the fair was. Women did not have as many rights, so giving them a building and also parts on the board was a big deal. This made the fair leading edge because they were bringing in new ideas of women’s rights and power.
“Lighting The 1893 World’s Fair: The Race To Light The World.” The History Rat. January 13, 2013. Accessed December 15, 2015. https://historyrat.wordpress.com/2013/01/13/lighting-the-1893-worlds-fair-the-race-to-light-the-world/
Nikola Tesla and Thomas Edison were in a competition to see who could light the Columbian Exposition. This was the first time an area this large had ever been completely lit. Tesla’s amazing revelation about power helped solve many of the fairs problems as well as using less power stations.
Rydell, Robert W. “World’s Columbian Exposition.” Encyclopedia of Chicago. Accessed December 16, 2015. http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1386.html
This website gave insight on what the fair followed and also what happened after the fair as well as inspirations for buildings. This supports my thesis in saying that even after some horrible events of the 19th century, the fair turned it around and brought people together.
Novak, Matt. “Where the Future Came From: A Trip Through the 1893 Chicago World's Fair.” Paleo Future. Last Modified July 12, 2013. Accessed December 16, 2015.
http://paleofuture.gizmodo.com/where-the-future-came-from-a-trip-through-the-1893-chi-743942247
It gave me an idea of how big the fair was. 1 in 4 Americans saw the fair, which was amazing considering the population was approximately 63 million. It also explained all the large feats of the fair like the Ferris wheel and equal rights for women.
Maloney, Cathy Jean. World’s Fair Gardens. Virginia: University of Virginia Press, 2012.
This book gave me new information about how plants came over to the fair. Since the fair was worldwide other nations brought over new plants. This had a major influence on the botany world. This also meant new systems for keeping those plants alive. The leading-edge technology brought in helped them stay alive.
Harris, William. “How Urban Planning Works.” How Stuff Works. Accessed January 8, 2016. http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-science/urban-planning1.htm
This website helped me understand what the movement did for the world. This is important to my thesis because it showed influence.
Sowder, Adam. “The City Beautiful Movement.” About Education. Accessed January 9, 2016. http://geography.about.com/od/urbaneconomicgeography/a/citybeautiful.htm
This website helped me understand the impact of the city beautiful movement. This is important to my thesis because it shows that this movement started during the fair then moved on then influence architecture.
“Interactive Map of Fairgrounds.” CUIP. Accessed January 9, 2016. http://ecuip.lib.uchicago.edu/diglib/social/worldsfair_1893/interactives/worldsfair_map.html
This website showed a interactive map o the fairgrounds. It helped me see what each building was, but also the most special parts of each building.
Magic Of The White City Expo. Directed by Mark Bussler. 2005. Pittsburg. Income Entertainment Company, 2005. DVD.
This video showed that even after recent, dark events the fair could bring joy back to Chicago.
Glass, Brent D. "Technology of the 1800s." The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. Accessed January 9, 2016.
https://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-by-era/jackson-lincoln/essays/technology-1800s.
This website helped show what was going on in the world during the time of the World's Fair. It also listed important inventions.
Annotated Bibliography
Primary Sources:
“Ready For a World.” Chicago Daily Tribune. May 2, 1893.
http://www.newspapers.com/image/?spot=730388?spot=730388
This article helped me understand what the article writer’s thought of the fair in 1893. This is important because it helps support my thesis by the positive things the author says. The article showed a newspaper article from when the fair was happening.
“Chicago’s Great Day.” The Evening World. October 21, 1892.
http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030193/1892-10-21/ed-3/seq-1/#words=Wworld+Chicago+Fair+CHICAGO
This website showed a newspaper article. It helped me understand one of the processions. And also gave me a look at the important people that came to fair. This showed how big of a deal the fair was. Showing how many important people came shows that all the people wanted to see how innovative the fair would be.
“World’s Fair.” The Breckenridge News. April 5, 1893.
http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86069309/1893-04-05/ed-1/seq-7/#date1=1892&index=4&rows=20&words=Chicago+fair+Worlds&searchType=basic&sequence=0&state=&date2=1899&proxtext=Ch
icago+Worlds+Fair&y=18&x=21&dateF ilterType=yearRange&page=1
This paper uses encounter of the three E’s. It talks about how some of the representation building will bring people from the represented states together.
Agricultural Hall, Columbian Exposition, 1893. Photograph. 1893. N.D. Thompson Publishing Co. http://dcc.newberry.org/collections/chicago-and-the-worlds-columbian-exposition
This photograph showed the agricultural building. This is important because the building was so massive it was amazing for the time it was built.
McNally, Rand. Map: World’s Columbian Exposition, 1893. Map. Chicago. Rand McNally and Company, 1893. Rand McNally & Co. http://dcc.newberry.org/collections/chicago-and- the-worlds-columbian-exposition
This map showed how massive the fair actually was. The index also showed how many building there were. The amount of buildings and the area of the fair was amazing, the fact that they could fill the entire area was incredible and that so many people showed up to see the fair.
“Ready For A Sunday Rush.” The Sun. May 28, 1893. http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030272/1893-05-28/ed-1/seq-2/#date1=1893&index=14&rows=20&words=Columbian+Exposition+Fair+Worlds&searchType=basic&sequence=0&state=&date2=19
00&proxtext=Worlds+Fair+Columbian+Exposition&y=16&x=7&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1
This article told about what the opening day would be like. The fair was expecting a crowd of 300,000 so workers tripled their supplies. The fair was so big that even outside of the grounds the city was a buzz.
“Some Statements.” Evening Star. January 17, 1894.
http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1894-01-17/ed-1/seq-3/#date1=1893&index=18&rows=20&words=Columbian+exposition+fair+world+worlds&searchType=basic&sequence=0&state=&dat
e2=1900&proxtext=Worlds+Fair+Columbian+Exposition&y=16&x=7&dateFilterType=yearRange&page=1
This talked about how foreign governments also participated. The Columbia Exposition did not only affect the United States, but the whole world.
“Utah at the World's Columbian Exposition; 1894.” Utah World’s Fair Commission Reports. Utah State Archives and Records Service. Salt Lake City, UT.
This was a report complied by the Utah Commission at the World’s Fair. It shows the work Utah accomplished while there. Other state got a chance to do this also, which made the fair very inclusive.
Utah World’s Fair Commission. Utah at the World’s Columbian Exposition. Salt Lake City. Salt Lake Lithographing Co., 1894.
This book was important to my thesis because it told about all the state and country building, but more so about the people that went. Important Utahans went to the Columbian Exposition, which shows it was very important all over the world. It also gave Utah many firsts.
Jackson, William Henry. "Ferris Wheel, And Bird's Eye View Of Midway." Photograph. 1893. Mental Floss. http://mentalfloss.com/article/51562/11-vintage-photos-1893-worlds-columbian-exposition
This photo of the Ferris wheel is important because it was the first Ferris wheel ever. This was a very innovative step for the fair. This is now something we see quite often, but was a huge deal back then.
Columbian Exposition. Poster. 1893. Chuckman’s Collection.
This poster showed the happiness in the exposition. It also showed that it was a celebration of Columbus because his picture is on it.
World’s Columbian Exposition: Ferris Wheel, Chicago, United States, 1893.” 1893, Brooklyn Museum.
This photo shows part of the fair. It shows how many people were at the fair.
Antonin Dvorak, 2nd Movement, from New World Symphony. 1893, recording.
This symphony is important to my project because it was created for the fair. The excitement of the World’s Fair reflects in the song.
1893 Columbus World's Columbian Exposition A Ticket. Photo. 1893. Chicago, IL PCGS 66 PPQ Gem New
This helped me understand what the cost to get into the fair was.
The 1893 Chicago World’s Fair. Poster. 1893. Boston Public Library.
http://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/relics-of-the-world-s-fair-chicago
This showed me the fair in color.
Arnold, Charles Dudley. "Captive" balloon and the Ferris wheel at the World's Columbian Exposition. Photo. 1893. J. Paul Getty Museum.
http://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/relics-of-the-world-s-fair-chicago
This photo showed a technology marvel.
A mammoth and giant octopus model in 1893 at the World's Fair. Photo. 1893. The Field Museum.
http://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/relics-of-the-world-s-fair-chicago
This showed one of the famous exhibits.
The Agricultural Building. Photo. 1893. Brooklyn Museum.
http://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/relics-of-the-world-s-fair-chicago
This showed how many people came to the fair.
The Liberal Arts Building. Photo. 1893. Brooklyn Museum.
http://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/relics-of-the-world-s-fair-chicago
This showed the inside of a building.
Ferris wheel view in 1893. Photo. 1893. Brooklyn Museum.
http://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/relics-of-the-world-s-fair-chicago
This showed how many people each cart on the wheel could hold.
The Ferris Wheel in 1893. Photo. 1893. The New York Times.
http://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/relics-of-the-world-s-fair-chicago
This showed the world’s first Ferris Wheel.
A replica of one of the ships sailed by Columbus. Photo. 1893. The Smithsonian Institution Archives.
http://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/relics-of-the-world-s-fair-chicago
This showed what the fair celebrated in recreating one of Columbus’s ships.
The Grand Basin at night. Photo. 1893. Brooklyn Museum.
http://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/relics-of-the-world-s-fair-chicago
This showed how beautiful the fair was at night.
Secondary Sources:
“The World’s Columbian Exposition.” Chicago Historical Society. Last Modified 1999. Accessed October 28, 2015. https://www.chicagohs.org/history/expo.html
This website helped me understand the key technology that was showcased at the Columbian Exposition. It gave me details about the major inventions that were revolutionary and first introduced at this fair.
Rose, Julie K. “The World’s Columbian Exposition.” University Of Virginia. Last Modified April 1997. Accessed November 4, 2015. http://xroads.virginia.edu/~ma96/wce/title.html
This website helped me understand the Columbian Exposition’s effects on modern society. This website gave details about how this fair was not just about Columbus’s voyages, but also about the new technology and advances that were incredible during the time period.
Maranzani, Barbara. “7 Things You May Not Know About the 1893 Chicago World’s Fair.” History. Last Modified May, 2013. Accessed November 11, 2015.
http://www.history.com/news/7-things-you-may-not-know-about-the-1893-chicago-worlds-fair
This website helped me understand what was going on outside of the World’s Fair as well as within. It gave details about influencing events that were important and outside of the fairgrounds like the serial killer that was in Chicago at the time.
Neilson, Reid L. Exhibiting Mormonism. New York City: Oxford University Press, 2011.
In this book some of the main elements are exploration, encounter, and exchange. This book shows examples of those, with the Mormons exploring the new place when they were invited to have a building there. They also encountered new people and new religions, as well as exchanged their own ideas with people.
Weimann, Jeanne. The Fair Women. Chicago: Academy Chicago, 1981
This book was important to my thesis by showing how leading edge the fair was. Women did not have as many rights, so giving them a building and also parts on the board was a big deal. This made the fair leading edge because they were bringing in new ideas of women’s rights and power.
“Lighting The 1893 World’s Fair: The Race To Light The World.” The History Rat. January 13, 2013. Accessed December 15, 2015. https://historyrat.wordpress.com/2013/01/13/lighting-the-1893-worlds-fair-the-race-to-light-the-world/
Nikola Tesla and Thomas Edison were in a competition to see who could light the Columbian Exposition. This was the first time an area this large had ever been completely lit. Tesla’s amazing revelation about power helped solve many of the fairs problems as well as using less power stations.
Rydell, Robert W. “World’s Columbian Exposition.” Encyclopedia of Chicago. Accessed December 16, 2015. http://encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1386.html
This website gave insight on what the fair followed and also what happened after the fair as well as inspirations for buildings. This supports my thesis in saying that even after some horrible events of the 19th century, the fair turned it around and brought people together.
Novak, Matt. “Where the Future Came From: A Trip Through the 1893 Chicago World's Fair.” Paleo Future. Last Modified July 12, 2013. Accessed December 16, 2015.
http://paleofuture.gizmodo.com/where-the-future-came-from-a-trip-through-the-1893-chi-743942247
It gave me an idea of how big the fair was. 1 in 4 Americans saw the fair, which was amazing considering the population was approximately 63 million. It also explained all the large feats of the fair like the Ferris wheel and equal rights for women.
Maloney, Cathy Jean. World’s Fair Gardens. Virginia: University of Virginia Press, 2012.
This book gave me new information about how plants came over to the fair. Since the fair was worldwide other nations brought over new plants. This had a major influence on the botany world. This also meant new systems for keeping those plants alive. The leading-edge technology brought in helped them stay alive.
Harris, William. “How Urban Planning Works.” How Stuff Works. Accessed January 8, 2016. http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-science/urban-planning1.htm
This website helped me understand what the movement did for the world. This is important to my thesis because it showed influence.
Sowder, Adam. “The City Beautiful Movement.” About Education. Accessed January 9, 2016. http://geography.about.com/od/urbaneconomicgeography/a/citybeautiful.htm
This website helped me understand the impact of the city beautiful movement. This is important to my thesis because it shows that this movement started during the fair then moved on then influence architecture.
“Interactive Map of Fairgrounds.” CUIP. Accessed January 9, 2016. http://ecuip.lib.uchicago.edu/diglib/social/worldsfair_1893/interactives/worldsfair_map.html
This website showed a interactive map o the fairgrounds. It helped me see what each building was, but also the most special parts of each building.
Magic Of The White City Expo. Directed by Mark Bussler. 2005. Pittsburg. Income Entertainment Company, 2005. DVD.
This video showed that even after recent, dark events the fair could bring joy back to Chicago.
Glass, Brent D. "Technology of the 1800s." The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. Accessed January 9, 2016.
https://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-by-era/jackson-lincoln/essays/technology-1800s.
This website helped show what was going on in the world during the time of the World's Fair. It also listed important inventions.